Archive for spirituality

Thomas Merton on Christian Self-Denial

Posted in Lent, Thomas Merton, Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , on February 19, 2013 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

article-new-ehow-images-a04-is-ba-write-personal-faith-statement-800x800“No one can really embrace the Christian asceticism mapped out in the New Testament unless he [or she] has some idea of the positive, constructive function of self-denial. The Holy Spirit never asks us to renounce anything without offering us something much higher and much more perfect in return … The function of self-denial is to lead to a positive increase of spiritual energy and life. The Christian dies, not merely in order to die but in order to live. And when he [or she] takes up his cross to follow Christ, the Christian realizes, or at least believes, that he is not going to die to anything but death. The Cross is the sign of Christ’s victory over death. The Cross is the sign of life. It is the trellis upon which grows the Mystical Vine whose life is infinite joy and whose branches we are. If we want to share the life of that Vine, we must grow on the same trellis and must suffer the same pruning.” — Thomas Merton

Merton’s call for us to follow the asceticism of Christian evangelical life is not simply an arbitrary practice that is an end in itself, but must always be seen in the broader context of Gospel living. As Merton points out, the penitential practices of lent are not to be self-serving, but should be oriented toward freeing us up to be more focused on the important things in life. “The function of self-denial is to lead to a positive increase of spiritual energy and life.”

There are a few things that I particularly find worth considering in Merton’s reflection here. One thing is the sense of death to self that Merton presents in association with Christian self-denial. It is the Pauline notion of “dying to one’s self” in order to be more focused on living as a member of the Body of Christ, as part of the Vine Merton describes here. St. Paul writes to the Galatians: “I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Gal 2:20), so too, Merton reminds us, are we called to live not for ourselves but as a member of Christ’s body.

The notion of being part of the Vine along the trellis poetically suggests that we don’t do this alone and in our own, arbitrary way. We have to look to God’s very self-revelation in Christ and in the historical manifestation of God’s disclosure in scripture. Here is the locus of our unity and communal support in living more fully the Christian life. Here is the trellis upon which the whole Body of Christ grows and supports one another as part of the Vine.

During this season of lent, we are challenged to pause and reflect on how we go about our everyday lives. Are we aware of our intimate connection to the rest of the Body of Christ? Do we try to life for ourselves alone, away from the Vine, apart from the branches, off the trellis of community where the Pilgrim People of God strive to flourish together? Perhaps we can follow the example of Merton and Paul, seeking in our daily lives — in big and little ways — to die to our own self-centeredness, our own priorities and concerns, and those things which constitute our own frivolous desires rather than the true and inherent aspiration we have deep within to be at home with one another and the rest of creation in Christ.

Photo: Stock

Thomas Merton and the God Already Present

Posted in Thomas Merton with tags , , , , , on January 24, 2013 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

walking young man over field and sunsetIn one sense we are always traveling, and traveling as if we did not know where we were going.

In another sense we have already arrived.

We cannot arrive at the perfect possession of God in this life, and that is why we are traveling and in darkness. But we already possess Him by grace, and therefore, in that sense, we have arrived and are dwelling in the light.

But oh! How far have I to go to find You in Whom I have already arrived!

— Thomas Merton

Photo: Stock

The Exegesis of God

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , , , on December 31, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

300px-Nativity_tree2011Today’s Gospel, which is something of a Christmas repeat from the Christmas Mass During the Day (that’s right, in case you didn’t realize this, there are in fact four different sets of reading for Christmas… it’s kind of a big deal!). It is the famous “prologue” of the Gospel according to John. It’s opening lines are some of the most famous lines in all of history: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” And while this is followed most closely by what is likely the second most famous line from the Gospel of John “And the Word became flesh,” I’m not convinced that this is the most important part of this Gospel passage.

Not that every part of the prologue isn’t important, quite the opposite, but the ending of this prologue, that which bridges this opening of the Gospel with the body of the text, is way too often overlooked. I’m talking about the very end, these lines:

No one has ever seen God.
The only-begotten Son, God, who is at the Father’s side,
has revealed him.

If you’re not paying attention, you can miss it. And most of us, I would bet (myself included), don’t pay nearly enough attention to what is actually proclaimed in the Gospel. We usually hear something we recognize, if only vaguely, and then our eyes glaze over and we zone out. Right? It’s too difficult to stand in one place, listen, and concentrate for five whole minutes. We’ve all been there before!

But what is overlooked here is one of the most beautiful things in the Gospel, and it’s central to our faith as Christians and why we get this repeated (in case you missed it on Christmas day proper) during the Christmas octave in which we still find ourselves.

The author of the Gospel of John is saying here that prior to the Incarnation, prior to Christmas morning when God became one like us, born in the flesh as a human being like you and me, no one, no one had ever seen God. Humanity had known God, had — by virtue of our existence, through nature, in prayer, in divine revelation and scripture — been in relationship with God; but no one had ever seen God. That changes with the Incarnation.

The word “revealed,” as in “Jesus Christ has revealed God,” is from the Greek word that gives us exegesis (ἐξήγησις). This is more than an image or a sign of God, but is the very expression (pressing-out), the very “making real,” the very unfolding, explaining, understanding, presentation, true presence, concretization, self-disclosure, and so on, of God.

I once had a christology professor who is probably the only person I know who possibly loves John 1:18 more than I do, who liked to say that a paraphrase for this final line of the prologue is to ask and respond:

Want to know what God is like? 
Look at the son! Look at Jesus Christ — what he does, what he says, how he lives — and you will know how God acts, thinks, and desires!

We believe that God has indeed entered the world as one like us but, even more, as the end of John’s prologue affirms, we believe that God has fully revealed (auto-exegesis) God’s self in the historical person Jesus of Nazareth, whom we call The Christ.

Christmas is more than a celebration of a newborn, it is the celebration of the very exegesis of God.

Photo: Stock

O Wisdom: Recognizing The Spirit of God in the World

Posted in Advent, O Antiphons, Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , , , , on December 17, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

earthO Wisdom, O Holy Word of God, you govern all creation with your strong yet tender care. Come and show your people the way to salvation.

Those who are most familiar or, perhaps, only familiar with the O Antiphons from the popular Advent hymn, O Come, O Come Emmanuel, might be surprised to see the terms “creation” and “salvation” appear in the actual Magnificat antiphon for today. Two of the most popular settings for this verse include one of these sets of lyrics:

O come, Thou Wisdom from on high,
Who orderest all things mightily;
To us the path of knowledge show,
And teach us in her ways to go.

Or, the more classical translation from the Latin verse:

O come, Thou Wisdom from on high,
and order all things far and nigh;
to us the path of knowledge show,
and teach us in her ways to go.

The interpretation of the meaning of Wisdom in the musical adaptation, which dates back in this form to the early-19th century, is that what the first line of the antiphon is really about is God’s order in the universe. One can think of the scholastic notion of order or of Divine Providence in some general way, but what appears to be celebrated is might and control and structure and order.

But, what’s odd about that view, the one expressed in our sung recounting of this O Antiphon, is that the passages from scripture that talk about Wisdom, from which the Prophet Isaiah gleans this term of divinity, suggests something else. Order is a part of the picture, as we see in the first book of Genesis — chaos, disarray, the tohuwabohu ( תהו־ובהו) is what existed and from it, God’s Wisdom (hokmah, חוכמה), seen here as God’s Breath or Spirit (ruah, רוּחַ), is what encounters the tohuwabohu and enters into relationship with the messiness of life. It is this relationship with the divine wisdom, the spirit of God that does bring about order, albeit the order isn’t what’s the most important thing here.

That God is immanently present in creation, that God’s spirit — personified as Wisdom — is in and among creation is the most important detail to take away from this first creation account. Yet, it isn’t a feature of just the first creation narrative. Even in the second account, the one when God creates women and men ha-adamah (פי האדמה), which means “from the earth,” it is God’s ruah or Spirit that is what animates (from the Latin: anima, or spirit) humankind. We forget that these are the creation accounts and, as the O Antiphon today calls us to remember, it is God’s very self — God’s wisdom, breath, spirit — that “governs all creation with…strong yet tender care.”

There is a powerful sense of divine immanence in today’s O Antiphon, one that does anticipate the fullness of God’s revelation in the Incarnation, which we will celebrate this week. However, this is not the only way that God enters our world, nor is it the only way that God remains close to all of creation.

We can look to one of the great creation Psalms to see how it is this absolutely immanent presence of God, depicted in this Wisdom tradition by ruah, spirit. After twenty-six verses of description about the wonders of God’s glory in creation, manifested in myriad ways through animals and insects and plants and natural elements, the psalmist turns to recount again how this is made possible:

These all look to you
to give them their food in due season;
when you give to them, they gather it up;
when you open your hand, they are filled with good things.

When you hide your face, they are dismayed;
when you take away their breath (ruah, רוּחַ),
they die and return to their dust (adamah, האדמה).

When you send forth your spirit (ruah, רוּחַ),
they are created;
and you renew the face of the ground.
(Psalm 104:27-30)

It is the Spirit of God in the world that gives life, sustains life, and renews the life all creation shares. The ruah of our human breath is the same ruah that governs all creation, that brings order out of the tohuwabohu. Today’s O Antiphon brings us back to the beginning to understand what is to come.

For the Wisdom, the Word of God, that governs all of creation with strong and tender care is also what shall show God’s “people the way to salvation.” One of the ways we come to see the way or path to salvation is through the recognition of our interconnectedness with the rest of the created order. That we, human persons, are not other-than or apart-from the rest of creation, but we are creation, made of the some physical matter that fuels stars and creates animal life.

Part of our sinfulness, I believe, is a forgetfulness of what it means to be governed by the word, wisdom, breath, spirit of God, just as the rest of the created order is. Part of what we might call “original sin,” our human hubris that leads to wanting to “be like God” — for God is truly the only real Other-than-creation, and the forgetfulness or denial of our creatureliness is, I believe, a form of wanting to be God without God.

As St. Paul in his writings, the early Fathers and Mothers of the Church in their writings, and so many theologians over the centuries in their writings have continually pointed out, salvation is not just for human persons. It is the returning of all of creation back to the Creator. It is the cosmic exitus-reditus of creation-salvation, one singular act in accord with history. The path upon which that journey of salvation takes place is the real history of our time and space.

What this O Antiphon reminds us and what the Incarnation indicates in the most perfect way, is that God encounters us, enters into relationship with us, and is present among us through creation. But do we recognize the Spirit of God in the world?

Our prayer today, especially in light of the darkness of tragedy in our world — in places as close in the United States as Newtown, CT, and as far as Syria — is the prayer of the last line of this antiphon: “Come and show your people the way to salvation.” Come, come Lord Jesus — open our eyes to our interrelatedness with the rest of the created order, open our eyes to our interdependence on the whole human family, open our eyes to see your Spirit in the world.

Photo: Stock

Happy Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , on December 12, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

our_lady_of_guadalupe“O God of power and mercy, You blessed the Americas at Tepeyac with the presence of the Virgin Mary of Guadalupe. May her prayers help all men and women to accept each other as brothers and sisters. Through Your justice present in our hearts, may Your peace reign in the world.

We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, One God, forever and ever.

AMEN”

Photo: Mickey McGrath, OSFS

Karl Rahner and Mystery

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , , on October 11, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

For years now, going all the way back to when I was a theology major in college, I’ve studied the work of the great twentieth-century German theologian Karl Rahner. He is notoriously difficult to read, at least that’s caricature, but I can assure you that in light of some more contemporary thinkers, Rahner can be like reading the weekend USA Today newspaper. In addition to his theological omnipresence and strong influence in Catholic (and Protestant) theology over the last fifty years or so, he is worth reading because of his deeply spiritual and, at times, almost poetic style. He was clearly a man of prayer and someone for whom theology was not simply a “mind game” or a pure academic exercise. For Rahner, theology was, as it was for Bonaventure (an influence in Rahner’s famous work on the Trinity, by the way), a path toward holiness and a spiritual, prayerful activity.

Yesterday in one of my seminars we were going over some of Rahner’s work on theological anthropology and a fellow student, really quite in passing, shared an excerpt from the end of his introduction in Foundations of Christian Faithwhere the framework for his transcendental project begins and Rahner, not having yet explicitly identified his thesis in explicitly Christian terms, talks about the human capacity for and grounding in mystery. Later, Rahner will identify mystery (“wholly other,” “absolute mystery,” “ground of our existence,” etc.) as God. With that on the horizon, this little conclusive paragraph strikes me as particularly beautiful, so I thought I’d share it with all of you today.

What is made intelligible is grounded ultimately in the one thing that is self-evident, in mystery. Mystery is something with which we are always familiar, something which we love, even when we are terrified by it or perhaps even annoyed or angered, and want to be done with it. For the person who has touched his [or her] own spiritual depths, what is more familiar, thematically or unthematically, and what is more self-evident than the silent question which goes beyond everything which has already been mastered and controlled, than the unanswered question accepted in humble love, which along brings wisdom? In the ultimate depths of his [or her] being, [the human person] knows nothing more surely than that his [or her] knowledge, that is, what is called knowledge in everyday parlance, is only a small island in a vast sea that has not been traveled. It is a floating island, and it might be more familiar to us than the sea, but ultimately it is borne by the sea and only because it is can we be borne by it. Hence the existentiell question for the knower is this: Which does he [or she] love more, the small island of his[/her] so-called knowledge or the sea of infinite mystery? (FCF 22).

May you have a wonderful day, slightly — if at all — aware of that absolute mystery that grounds our very being and is the condition for the possibility of our existence, knowledge, interaction, and relationships today.

Photo: File

October Weekend Retreat for Boston Young Adults

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , , on September 25, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

For those who happen to be in the Boston area or are young adults (in your 20s or 30s), consider joining me for a retreat at the Benedictine Glastonbury Abbey in Hingham, MA, on October 12-14, 2012! This retreat is the annual weekend retreat sponsored by the St. Anthony Shrine “20s/30s Boston” group and is always a fun, prayerful, and enriching time. The theme of the retreat this year is, “Being Catholic in the 21st Century” (download a PDF flier for the retreat for more information). This is the third year that I’ve had the great honor to be invited to be the retreat director and look forward to a wonderful October weekend of faith and friendship!

I understand that there are only two or three more spaces available for retreatants, so, if you’re interested, you better move fast! Here is a link to the “20s/30s Boston” retreat registration page. If you have any questions, email the group at: sas20s30s@stanthonyshrine.org

Hope to see you there!

Go into the World Preaching the Gospel with Patience and Humility

Posted in Franciscan Spirituality, Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , on September 21, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

In an early Franciscan collection of remembrances of the Saint from Assisi, commonly referred to as The Legend of the Three Companions, there is a story of Francis talking to the earliest group of brothers that had been inspired to follow Francis’s way of Christian living (vita evangelica). The story points to the challenges that lie ahead for anyone who is committed to live in this world following the Gospel of Christ. His words to those first half-dozen men continue to speak to women and men today. Francis begins by reminding the friars of the reason why they are there, that they have responded to the working of the Spirit in their lives to live in a different way, focused on proclaiming the Gospel in deed as much as word. This is one of the foundations for that misattributed, yet wildly popular (and true to the spirit of Francis, if not his actual words), aphorism: “Preach the Gospel at all times, if necessary use words.” Here is one way he really said this:

Calling together the six brothers, Saint Francis, since he was full of the grace of the Holy Spirit, predicted to them what was about to happen. “Dearest brothers,” he said, “let us consider our vocation, to which God has mercifully called us, not only for our own good, but for the salvation of many. We are to go throughout the world, encouraging everyone, more by deed than by word, to do penance for their sins and to recall the commandments of GOd. Do not be afraid that you seem few and uneducated. With confidence, simply proclaim penance, trusting in the Lord, who conquered the world. Because by his Spirit, He is speaking through and in you, encouraging everyone to be converted to him and to observe his commandments”

Francis then goes on to foretell the challenge of such a commitment and the struggle that each brother will inevitably face in their ministry.

“You will find some faithful people, meek and kind, who will receive you and your words with joy. You will find many others, faithless, proud, and blasphemous, who will resist and reject you and what you say. Therefore, resolve in your hearts to bear these things with patience and humility”

These are themes that are echoed elsewhere in the historical writings of Francis. Frequently, in his admonitions, the Saint exhorts his followers to bear tribulation and challenges in the spiritual, ministerial, and evangelical life with “patience and humility.” This is also something that appears in the famous Canticle of the Creatures, when Francis of Assisi, in a very brief way, identifies what it means to be human in the same way that he previously identified what it meant to be the sun or moon or earth. To be human, to live as God has intended us to live, means to be peacemakers and reconcilers who are exhibit patience and humility toward one another.

The Legend of the Three Companions concludes this Franciscan pericope in the following way, highlighting the reaction of those first friars to Francis’s words.

When the brothers heard this, they began to be afraid. The saint told them: “Do not fear, because after not much time many learned and noble men will come to us, and will be with us preaching to kings and rulers and great crowds. Many people will be converted to the Lord, Who will multiply and increase His family throughout the entire world.”

For Francis, he understood that to preach the Gospel in a manner befitting the call of the Spirit meant to do so with patience and humility. When that was done in action and in speech, when a model of another way to live in the world that did not exhibit the selfishness, competition, and self-centeredness encouraged by society, then others would indeed follow. As the personified Lady Poverty echoes in the early Franciscan allegorical text The Sacred Exchange Between Saint Francis and Lady Poverty, there will always be some who refuse to hear the Gospel, who despise evangelical poverty, who cannot bring themselves to follow in the footprints of Jesus Christ. Francis says, that’s ok. You cannot make anybody do something against his or her will.

However, we can embrace our vocation to live the Gospel and do so with patience and humility. If others are so moved, great. If not, just keep on keeping on!

Photo: File

The 15th Anniversary of Mother Teresa’s Death

Posted in Uncategorized with tags , , , , , , , on September 5, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

Today marks the fifteenth anniversary of the death of one of the most revered and well-known models of Christian living in our age: Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta. She entered eternal life on September 5, 1997, I was just about fourteen years old at that time and I remember it well. It was a bizarre week with Princess Diana having been killed in a car crash less-than-a-week earlier. Within a week two of the most well-known international public figures had embraced sister death and became the cause of mourning and reflection. Fifteen years later we are offered an opportunity to pause and reflect again, to pray for our sister in faith and to ask for her intercession, because Mother Teresa continues to journey with us as a member of the communion of saints.

Today’s Gospel (Luke 4:38-44), which recalls Jesus’s encounter with Simon-Peter’s mother-in-law, is a perfect reading for today’s anniversary and the memory of Blessed Mother Teresa. Oftentimes people hear that Jesus heals this woman and are stunned to see that the first thing she does in her newfound health is get up and serve her guests. It almost comes across as a patriarchal, unfair, and almost cruel turn of events. How could this woman who was so ill be healed almost as if to just go immediately to work?

But what is missed is the symbolism of what’s happening in the faith life of those touched and healed by God!

Simon’s mother-in-law becomes a model for all Christians because, in some way and in some form, each person has and continues to be touched and healed by God. We were lovingly brought into existence, we are companioned by the Creator throughout life, we experience the loving embrace of relationships, we recognize the beauty and gift of the rest of creation, and so on.

What the woman in the Gospel does is respond to the literal touch and healing by serving others, the diakonia (in Greek) that all disciples of Christ are called to live. She recognized the gift of God’s love and healing in her life and understood, if only in some intuitive way, that she needed to bring that love and healing to others in the world around her. She was given and continued to receive an abundant grace, and she shared that with the world.

This, in a sense, is what Mother Teresa had done. She recognized God’s grace in her life and knew that to follow in the footprints of Jesus Christ, she had to reach out to share with others the love and healing she had always already received from God. Most remarkably, she did this even at times of deep uncertainty about her own faith and belief. Surely, this is something to which we can all relate at one time or another.

May we today and always remember the example of Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta and Simon’s mother-in-law, taking what we have received from God in Christ and sharing it with the world in loving service and solidarity.

Mother Teresa, pray for us!

Photo: File

Dating God Podcast #14 — ‘Back To School’ with Julianne Wallace

Posted in Dating God Podcast with tags , , , , , , , on September 1, 2012 by Daniel P. Horan, OFM

The latest episode of the Dating God Podcast is now out! If you’re a subscriber on iTunes, it should be on your computer waiting for you! And if you’re not a subscriber, you really should be, the podcast is free (and awesome)!

Episode 14 of the podcast features Julianne Wallace, a campus minister at St. Bonaventure University, who talks about her experience of life and ministry, what we can expect at the start of a new academic year, and what makes a campus liturgy good. Check out the Episode #14 today! Also, visit the newly created St. Bonaventure University Campus Ministry Facebook page and “Like” it to learn more about its programs and news.

Listen to the podcast online (streaming)

Subscribe to the podcast on iTunes (iTunes website)

Photo: File
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